Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Microbiome Diversity and Pathogen Screening of Southern African Fleas By generating the first comprehensive phylogenetic framework for Southern African fleas, the project will improve species identification, resolve taxonomic uncertainties, and provide a robust evolutionary context for understanding host-parasite associations and parasite diversification. The project will also include an integrated microbiome and pathogen screening component which will improve understanding of flea-borne microorganisms and potential zoonotic pathogens, supporting a One Health approach to animal, human and environmental health.